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The Elements of Russian Hallmarks
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The image above illustrates the most commonly noted format of Russian hallmarking as seen throughout most of the 19th century. The elements are as follows:
A - Maker's Mark - in this case, "MK" for Mathias Kilpeläinen.
B - Assay Master's Mark/Date - "И.Е" for Ivan Yevstigneyev, 1881
C - Standard Mark - 84 zolotniki for .875 purity silver
D - Town Mark - Arms of the city of St. Petersburg
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