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Comment The text is copied from Netherlands' Responsibility marks from 1797. Guess where from I got this source? Check for yourself. One headline states: IMPORT EN BELASTNINGSTEKENS/ IMPORT AND DUTY MARKS. If the source is outdated, sorry for that. Generally speaking, if the fineness is unknown it i...

Yes Peter, could but it doesn't help much due to the lack of other marks.

Hardly German made... Picture 2 Dutch import and duty mark (Gothic E), no guarantee for precious metal, silver, gold... Picture 3 Oriental maker's marks (Chinese?) Picture 4 Capital I. Also a duty mark for unguaranteed standard for gold and silver. Likely 13 loth as you assume, but? In other words, ...

Based on your text only. Your pictures are useless! Please buy a magnifier and use it next time. Thank you in advance.
Anyway, AM most likely be a Finn i.e. Adam Andreas Markula also known as Markulin born 1828 and active in St. Petersburg 1850-1874.

Hehehhee! Part 3. Yeah, COULD be him, but as said the row is rather incomplete.....no town mark etc...The text states that he used a town mark (bruger bymærke...)

The punch row is rather incomplete (no town mark and no assayer's punch). In those days the punches were sometimes a little "this and that". To me the maker's mark seems to show ИФК, that could be Ivan Filippovich Kruchinin, known in St. Petersburg around 1908. The year mark seems to be 18...

In my eyes it looks like G.H. and is likely of Norwegian origin but? Looking at the punch it looks like rather recently made brooch. The maker could be Gunnulf Hegna in Oslo 1947-1997.

Again a shot in the dark! Danish row of punches are often rather incomplete especially on older objects like here. Anyway, based on your assumption of Danish origin and anticipating that the punch shows "IP in an oval frame" it might be Jens Jacob Pedstrup in Aalborg AMT in DK . He made ta...

Please show as requested bigger and sharper pictures of the marks only. As for now the marks on all your questions are more or less illegible.

By showing better SHARP pictures of the marks only could help. As for now it is almost mission impossible to say anything . Anyway, St. Petersburg it kooks like, but i am a bit suspicious regarding the rest....

Fake!

Fake!

It is important! To my understanding Sk o vronskij (Сковронский) assayed in Moscow as from 1895 (possibly already 1894) to 1908 in Moscow. Then he went to Transkaukasia 1909-1915. The cup shows the year 1892... In my opinion it is essential that the assayer's working period must at least partly matc...

You are partly mistaken but yes the cup is Russian and made in Moscow but the assayer is not HC who is the maker. Unfortunately it is rather difficult to tell who the maker is because there are a few alternatives. According to the law it was forbidden to use the same makers initials in a punch at th...

Let the auction houses write whatever pleases them. Check yourself from other sources.
Unfortunately I don't know which one version is correct. Both surnames appears in various sources. No big deal as long as we know who is in question.

Presumably the assayer is АЯ. He would be Aleksandr Ilit Jaschinkov alt. Jaschinov in St. Petersburg 1795-1826. He was a rascal and got the sack. The maker is unknown to me. Let's wait if someone has identified him.

Hello Ubaranda, yeah, you are right. Have to buy new glasses, thanks.

Yes most likely Matthias Räihelin, active 1828-43 as mentioned. Born in Säkkijärvi in Finland. However, the assayer ДТ seems to be Dimitri Tverskoj. According to my sources he assayed in St. Petersburg 1837-1850, possibly some year later. The years on the spoons (1869 and 1889) differs from his peri...

@silverfan 1. I'm not hinting anything. I'm only referring to the rules i.e. "One object per thread" 2. Good photos are the key to almost everything regarding interpreting silver marks. 3. What is the smudge to mark in your last post far right suppose to show , Moscow, St. Petersburg or po...

Denmark it likely is, but mind my asking, what makes you think it would be silver? Nothing in the marks indicates that! Look for silver punches!