Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks
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| 1896 ~ 1908 • The First Kokoshnik Mark | |||
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| In 1896, Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918) issued an edict that reformed the older assay marking system and the Kokoshnik mark came into being. As thousands of new diestamps had to be created, there was a transitional changeover period (see first mark) and the kokoshnik mark did not come into full use until the beginning of 1899. Until 1908, the mark consisted of an intaglio engraved left facing woman's head in profile within an oval cartouche, she is wearing the peasant headdress traditionally referred to as a kokoshnik, thus giving the stamp its name. To her left is the standard number and to her right are the assayer's initials which also indicate the assay office. | |||
| Note |
A trial kokoshnik was launched in the latter half of 1898. However, the size of the mark, numbers, and letters did not meet the required specifications and it was quickly withdrawn. Only two assayers were known to have used it; Ivan Lebedkin (ИЛ) in Moscow and Yakov Lyapunov (ЯЛ) in St. Petersburg. |
Moscow - 1898 St. Petersburg -1898 |
| А А |
Anatoli Apollonovich Artsybashev Анатолий Аполлонович Арцыбашев |
Vilnius 1899-1908, 1914 Kiev 1915-1916 Astrakhan 1916 |
| А В |
Aleksandr Kazimirovich Vyrzhikovsky Александр Казимирович Выржиковский |
Kiev 1899-1904 Warsaw 1904-1908 |
| А Р |
Anton Vasilijevitch Richter Антон Васильевич Рихтер | Astrakhan 1899-1916 |
| А Р |
Aleksandr Vasilyevitch Romanov Александр Васильевич Романов |
Riga 1899 Warsaw 1899-1904 |
| А С |
Aleksandr Nikolaievitch Snarsky Александр Николаевич Снарский |
Ekaterinburg 1899-1900 Kostroma 1900-1910 |
| Г Б |
Gedeon Naz. Bychkov Гедеон Наз. Бычков | Kostroma 1899 |
| И А |
Ivan Andreyevich Ado Иван Андреевич Адо | Kazan 1899-1916 |
| И Л |
Ivan Sergeyevich Lebedkin Иван Сергеевич Лебедкин | Moscow 1898-1914 |
| И С |
Ilya Egorovich Sorokin Илья Егорович Сорокин | Odessa 1899-1910 |
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| И Ш |
Iosif Aleksandrovich Shmidetsky Iосиф Александрович Шмидецкий |
Tiflis 1903-1904 Transkaukasia 1899-1908 |
| К З |
Kliment Anikiyevich Zagayevsky Климент Аникиевич Загаевский | Riga 1899-1916 |
| Л О |
Lev Fridrikhovich Oleks Лев Фридрихович Олекс |
Moscow 1899-1904,1915-1917 Kiev 1905-1914 |
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М О |
Ilia Georgiyevich Sorokin Илиа Георгиевич Сорокин | Odessa 1899-1910 |
| Я Л |
Yakov Nikolayevich Lyapunov Яков Николаевич Ляпунов | St. Petersburg 1898-1903 |
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| Ф К |
Fyodor Petrovich Konovalov Федор Петрович Коновалов | Rostov 1899-1911 |
  
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Import Marks Mark within a standing oval, its lower end flattened. Head facing left, below the jaw is a capital letter indicating the assayer's surname (in this case "З" for assayer Kliment Zagayevsky). | 1899-1908 |
| 1908 ~ 1926 • The Second Kokoshnik Mark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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From 1908, the mark style is changed from intaglio to relief, the woman's profile is facing right with the standard number to her right, on the far left is a small Greek letter included as indicator of the region of assay.
Regional Letters
|  St. Petersburg |
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 Moscow |
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 Odessa |
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 Kiev |
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 Caucusus |
 Vilnius |
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 Riga |
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 Kostroma |
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 Kazan |
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 Don |
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| Sources:
Золотое и серебряное дело XV-ХХ вв - M.M. Postnikova-Loseva, Ivanova, Uljanova; Nauka, 1983 Russian Gold and Silver - Alexander von Solodkoff; Trefoil Books, 1981 Russian Silver - Andrei Gilodo; Beresta Moscow, 1993 Znaki srebra do lat 40. dwudziestego wieku w Polsce - Sławomir Bołdok; Mako Press, 2005 925-1000.com Silver Marks Forum - various member posts, 2005-2013 |
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