Belgian fork from Liege 1780

[Dendriet]

It was not mandatory to the silver that was in private possession, to approve it again ?
I see these cases, mainly in Wallonia.
What is the reason behind this?
Whether this was done in protest to the transition from the guild marks, France or Belgium Kingdom.
This I do not see this very often in Flanders. (floral V)
http://www.925-1000.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=37042

Liège, punch reign of François-Charles de Velbruck, double-headed eagle with the 1772 vintage
letter I for 1780
Makers mark crown above GH - GEORGES-LOUIS-SÉBASTIEN HENROTAY

Also, two import duty and marks from 1814 -1843 and 1832-1868 (kingdom of Belgium)
These Marks were destined for all imported, unmarked and invalided marked objects of foreign, national and unknown origin.
During the 1814 and 1815 transition period these Marks were also struck on new object which still had been made to the French 800 silver standard of fineness
It is incomprehensible that their own city marks as foreign brands labeled and mutilated, even after 35 years and 52 years. (after date 1780)

In any case, a nice piece of history

Best Regards
Dendriet

[oel]

Hi Dendried,

Most probably the fork returned to the trade during the time of the Southern Netherlands 1815-1832, the flowery E (étranger) under a wreath; import & duty mark destined for all imported, unmarked and invalid marked objects of foreign, national and unknown origin. The mark does not give any guarantee of a precious metal standard or fineness.
And again the fork was offered for sale in the Kingdom of Belgium, when hallmarking was mandatory 1832-1869. In 1869 the Kingdom of Belgium stopped mandatory hallmarking.
The Gothic E (étranger) import and duty mark used in the Kingdom of Belgium for all imported, unmarked objects of foreign, national and unknown origin. Again the mark did not guarantee fineness, mark used 1832-1869.



Oel.

[Dendriet]

I had more time for my thoughts :

Most probably the fork returned to the trade during the time of the Southern Netherlands 1815-1832, the flowery E (étranger) under a wreath; import & duty mark destined for all imported, unmarked and invalid marked objects of foreign, national and unknown origin. The mark does not give any guarantee of a precious metal standard or fineness.

I bought this fork in the Province of Liège , 4 kilometers from the city of Liege .
If he would have been sold to the Southern Netherlands, it had the "flowered V" insisted (1817-1842)
The small mark of the Northern Netherlands, the flowerd V was also user in the Southern Netherlands 1817 - 1842

The Gothic E (étranger) import and duty mark used in the Kingdom of Belgium for all imported, unmarked objects of foreign, national and unknown origin. Again the mark did not guarantee fineness, mark used 1832-1869.

This was for both import and Duty Mark of 1814-1842 and 1832-1868
These marks do not give any garantree of a precious metal standard or finess.

I think the Family (Monogram LL) inspected the silver again (Gothic E (étranger) and import duty mark from 1815 to 1842) and Assay testing (trembleersteek)
In connection with nullification (ongeldigheids verklaring - 1816) of the hallmarks of the Kingdom of Holland and the French Regime. Objects with the expired Hallmarks, it was possible, until September 9-1816 to be stamped with the sign of the foreign works, for free

The taxpayers should be warned with broadcasting and drumbeat in the southern Netherlands, this was already done in 1815.

And again the fork was offered for sale in the Kingdom of Belgium, when hallmarking was mandatory 1832-1869. In 1869 the Kingdom of Belgium stopped mandatory hallmarking

These are later (approximately 1832) again under assessment by the Family LL linked the new rules and Hallmarks of the Kingdom and Belgium provide import duty and Marks 1832 -1868.

My final thoughts are: that somewhere in the nullification (1816 ongeldigheids verklaring) the city mark is removed.

This was common in the French Regime, I have silver that are produced in the Dutch guild period and are imported by France.
All guild signs were removed (obscured) and equipped with French Hallmarks


Best Regards
Dendriet

I hope it's clear reading :)

[Dendriet]

Hi Oel,

I forgot to mention to you to thank you for the time you take to think about it here

Best Regards
Dendriet

[oel]

Hi Dendried,

Sorry but I do not agree. The fork was not sold to the Southern Netherlands but was sold in the Southern Netherlands. In origin the fork was made in Luik (Liège), during the times of the city guilds and re-sold during the time of the Southern Netherlands and most likely around the city of Luik, somewhere between 1815 -1832. The fork, bearing invalid national hallmarks and in order it could be sold, had to be ‘hallmarked’ with a valid mark; to indicate duty has been paid. The fork has no hallmarks of the French Empire and with the invalidation of the hallmarks of the French Empire in 1815; it could not be tax-exempt. The fork has been considered to be a ‘Large work’ and thus, after duty has been paid, marked; E under a wreath.
After the establishment of the Kingdom of Belgium in 1832, new hallmarks were implemented and older hallmarks were declared invalid. Again the fork, in order it could be re-sold, had to be ‘hallmarked’ after duty has been paid and again the fork was considered to be a ‘Large work’ and marked with the Gothic E in a double circular cartouche. In 1869 the Kingdom of Belgium abandoned the hallmark laws.

Yes, perhaps the struggle between the Dutch speaking Flemish regional and the French speaking Walloon regional is symbolized by the removal of city guild marks. It is a shame.

From; General index of Belgian goldsmiths, silversmiths and hallmarks by Walter van Dievoet, and yes size does matter:

After the defeat of Napoleon and the French supervisors left, Belgian people under Dutch supervision from 1815-1832;

Kingdom of Belgium Hallmarks 1832-1869;


Thank you for showing this historical piece of utensil!



Best wishes,

Oel.

[Dendriet]

Hi Oel,

Thank you for your understanding, and points of view.


Best wishes,

Dendriet