Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks • • • Russian Hallmarks ~ Imperial Period ~ City Marks •     www . 925-1000 . com   ••    www . 925-1000 . com   ••    www . 925-1000 . com   •

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Russian City Marks ~ Smaller Cities & Towns •

Astrakhan - Kiev Астрахань - Киев Kostroma - Tallinn Кострома - Таллин Tartu - Zhitomir Тарту - Житомир
	Astrakhan (Астрахань) Although the shape of its cartouche changed over time, the crown and sword were used from the mid 18th until the late 19th century. Astrakhan Arms	unidentified silversmith Vasily Peretrutov (assayer) В. Перетрутов Astrakhan 1822

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1882-1898

Baku (Баку) Currently in Azerbaijan. The city symbol is three flames. Baku Arms

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c.1830s c.1860s

Grodno (Гродно) Located in Belarus. Town mark is a horseman above a bull, marking in the Russian system began sometime after from 1823. Regional Arms

Jakub Preisyg (silversmith) Яков Преисyг (assayer not shown) Grodno c.1830 unidentified silversmith Lavrenty Balabanov (assayer) Л. Балабанов Grodno 1855

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18th C.	Irkutsk (Иркутск) Early mark, used in the 18th century. There is some confusion in the literature regarding this town mark. Rosenberg lists it as Novgorod, Postnikova-Loseva for both Tobolosk and Irkutsk, and Tardy only for Irkutsk. As the depiction only matches the Arms of Siberia, Irkutsk is the most probable identity. Siberian Arms
1852 1869	Jelgava / Elgava / Mitau (Елгава / Митава) Located in Latvia. Head of an elk used from c.1850-1899 Jelgava Arms	unidentified silversmith Nicholaus Schultz (assayer) Николай Шульц Jelgava 1852 unidentified silversmith unidentified assayer Jelgava 1869

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18th - 19th C. 1877 1879

Kaluga (Калуга) Emperor’s Crown above a fess was adopted in the late 18th century, earlier mark (not illustrated) was the imperial double headed eagle above "Г К" Kaluga Arms

Lev Vasilyev (silversmith) Лев Васильев Kirill Degusar (assayer) Кирилл Дегусар Kaluga 1877 Lev Vasilyev (silversmith) Лев Васильев Kirill Degusar (assayer) Кирилл Дегусар Kaluga 1879 unidentified silversmith Kirill Degusar (assayer) Кирилл Дегусар Kaluga 1885

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c.1850s 1889

Kamenetz-Podolsk Kamyanets-Podilsky (Каменец-Подольск) Located in Ukraine. The double headed imperial eagle with crown, used until c.1880. This mark is often confused with those of Warsaw & Minsk. Circa 1880 the cross and sun came into use. County Arms

unidentified silversmith Jozef Vakar (assayer) Иозеф Вакар Kamenetz-Podolsk 1858 unidentified silversmith Andrey Sarapultsev (assayer) А.Сарапульцев Kamenetz-Podolsk 1860 N. Fayngold (silversmith) Н. Файнгольд Kamenetz-Podolsk 1889

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1881 1882	Kaunas / Kovno (Каунас / Ковно) Located in Lithuania. Postnikova-Loseva illustrates the marks at left for the town of Simbirsk, however items consistently appear carrying this mark alongside Kaunas assayers and makers. Kaunas Arms	Leizer Scheinker (silversmith) Л. Шеинкеръ Konstantin Kolpakov (assayer) К. Колпаков Kaunas 1881 unidentied silversmith Konstantin Kolpakov (assayer) К. Колпаков Kaunas 1882 M. Ассъ (silversmith) M. Ass (Asche) unidentified assayer Kaunas 1897
2nd half 18th C. 1763 late 19th C.	Kazan (Казань) Located in Republic of Tatarstan. The Zilant, a mythical winged snake was used as the town mark from the mid 18th century. Kazan Arms	Spiridon Rukavishnikov (assayer) С. Рукавишников Kazan 1763 unidentified silversmith S. Shebanov (assayer) С. Шебанов Kazan 1885 Fyodor Kozlov (silversmith) Федор Козлов S. Shebanov (assayer) С. Шебанов Kazan 1885

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until 1777 late 19th C.

Kiev (Киев) Located in Ukraine. "Kiov" in oval or heart cartouche used as the town mark in the 18th century. Variations of the Archangel Michael, wielding a flaming sword, were used 1778-1896. Kiev Arms

unidentified silversmith A. Vyrzhikovsky (assayer) А. Выржиковский Kiev 1888 I.E. Zaviyanov (silversmith) И.Е. Завиянов Stakhy Orlov (assayer) Стахий Орлов Kiev 1894

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Sources:    Золотое и серебряное дело XV-ХХ вв - M.M. Postnikova-Loseva, Ivanova, Uljanova; Nauka, 1983    Russian Gold and Silver - Alexander von Solodkoff; Trefoil Books, 1981    Russian Silver - Andrei Gilodo; Beresta Moscow, 1993    Znaki srebra do lat 40. dwudziestego wieku w Polsce - Sławomir Bołdok; Mako Press, 2005    925-1000.com Silver Marks Forum - various member posts, 2005-2013

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